Urbit
  • Introduction
  • Development

    • Getting Started
    • Environment Setup
    • Grants Program
    • Project Repositories
    • Precepts
    • System Overview

      • Arvo
      • Hoon
      • Nock
      • Vere
      • Azimuth
      • Cryptography
      • Arvo

        • Overview
        • Ames

          • Overview
          • Cryptography
          • API Reference
          • Scry Reference
          • Data Types
          • Behn

            • Overview
            • API Reference
            • Scry Reference
            • Examples
            • Clay

              • Overview
              • Architecture
              • Using Clay
              • Data Types
              • Scry Reference
              • API Reference
              • Examples
              • Marks

                • Overview
                • Writing Marks
                • Using Marks
                • Examples
              • Dill

                • Overview
                • API Reference
                • Scry Reference
                • Data Types
                • Eyre

                  • Overview
                  • External API Reference
                  • Internal API Reference
                  • Scry Reference
                  • Data Types
                  • Guide
                  • Ford

                    • Overview
                    • Gall

                      • Overview
                      • API Reference
                      • Data Types
                      • Iris

                        • Overview
                        • API Reference
                        • Data Types
                        • Example
                        • Jael

                          • Overview
                          • API Reference
                          • Scry Reference
                          • Data Types
                          • Examples
                          • Concepts

                            • Scries
                            • Subscriptions
                            • Tutorials

                              • Move Trace
                              • Reference

                                • Cryptography
                                • Filesystem Hierarchy
                              • Userspace

                                • Overview
                                • HTTP API Guide
                                • Gall Guide

                                  • Introduction
                                  • 1. Arvo
                                  • 2. The Agent Core
                                  • 3. Imports and Aliases
                                  • 4. Lifecycle
                                  • 5. Cards
                                  • 6. Pokes
                                  • 7. Structures and Marks
                                  • 8. Subscriptions
                                  • 9. Vanes
                                  • 10. Scries
                                  • 11. Failure
                                  • 12. Next Steps
                                  • Appendix: Types
                                  • Full-Stack Walkthrough

                                    • 1. Introduction
                                    • 2. Types
                                    • 3. Agent
                                    • 4. JSON
                                    • 5. Marks
                                    • 6. Eyre
                                    • 7. React app setup
                                    • 8. React app logic
                                    • 9. Desk and glob
                                    • 10. Summary
                                    • Graph Store

                                      • Graph Store Overview
                                      • Data Structure Overview
                                      • Validator Walkthrough
                                      • Sample Application: Library
                                      • Graph Store - Reference
                                      • Advanced Info
                                      • Threads

                                        • Overview
                                        • HTTP API
                                        • Reference
                                        • Basics

                                          • Fundamentals
                                          • Bind
                                          • Input
                                          • Output
                                          • Summary
                                          • Gall

                                            • Start Thread
                                            • Take Result
                                            • Take Facts
                                            • Stop Thread
                                            • Poke Thread
                                            • Examples

                                              • Fetch JSON
                                              • Child Thread
                                              • Main-loop
                                              • Poke Agent
                                              • Scry
                                              • Take Fact
                                            • Distribution

                                              • Overview
                                              • Guide
                                              • Docket File
                                              • Glob
                                              • Dojo Tools
                                            • Hoon

                                              • Overview
                                              • Hoon School

                                                • 1.1 Introduction
                                                • 1.1.1 Walkthrough: List of Numbers
                                                • 1.2 Nouns
                                                • 1.3 Hoon Syntax
                                                • 1.3.1 Walkthrough: Conditionals
                                                • 1.4 Gates (Hoon Functions)
                                                • 1.4.1 Walkthrough: Recursion
                                                • 1.5 Lists
                                                • 1.5.1 Walkthrough: Fibonacci Sequence
                                                • 1.6 The Subject and Its Legs
                                                • 1.6.1 Walkthrough: Ackermann Function
                                                • 1.7 Arms and Cores
                                                • 1.7.1 Walkthrough: Caesar Cipher
                                                • 1.8 Doors
                                                • 1.8.1 Bank Account
                                                • 1.9 Generators
                                                • 2.1 Atoms, Auras, and Simple Cell Types
                                                • 2.2 Type Checking and Type Inference
                                                • 2.3 Structures and Complex Types
                                                • 2.3.1 Walkthrough: Libraries
                                                • 2.3.2 Molds
                                                • 2.4 Standard Library: Trees, Sets, and Maps
                                                • 2.5 Type Polymorphism
                                                • 2.5.1 Walkthrough: Iron Polymorphism and Wet Polymorphism
                                                • 2.5.2 Walkthrough: Lead Polymorphism
                                                • 2.6 Behn
                                                • 2.7 Gall
                                                • 2.7.1 Gall Walkthrough: Egg Timer
                                                • Guides

                                                  • CLI apps
                                                  • Parsing
                                                  • JSON
                                                  • Strings
                                                  • Sail (HTML)
                                                  • Writing Aqua Tests
                                                  • Reference

                                                    • Cheat Sheet
                                                    • Irregular forms
                                                    • Hoon Errors
                                                    • Hoon Style Guide
                                                    • Basic Types
                                                    • Advanced Types
                                                    • Auras
                                                    • Runes

                                                      • Atoms and strings
                                                      • Nock . ('dot')
                                                      • Wild ! ('zap')
                                                      • Change Subject = ('tis')
                                                      • Conditionals ? ('wut')
                                                      • Cores | ('bar')
                                                      • Arms + ('lus')
                                                      • Cells : ('col')
                                                      • Calls % ('cen')
                                                      • Casts ^ ('ket')
                                                      • Structures $ ('buc')
                                                      • Make ; ('mic')
                                                      • Hints ~ ('sig')
                                                      • Imports / ('fas')
                                                      • Terminators -- and ==
                                                      • Limbs and wings

                                                        • Limbs
                                                        • Wings
                                                        • Standard library

                                                          • Table of Contents
                                                          • 1a: Basic Arithmetic
                                                          • 1b: Tree Addressing
                                                          • 1c: Molds and Mold-Builders
                                                          • 2a: Unit Logic
                                                          • 2b: List Logic
                                                          • 2c: Bit Arithmetic
                                                          • 2d: Bit Logic
                                                          • 2e: Insecure Hashing
                                                          • 2f: Noun Ordering
                                                          • 2g: Unsigned Powers
                                                          • 2h: Set Logic
                                                          • 2i: Map Logic
                                                          • 2j: Jar and Jug Logic
                                                          • 2k: Queue Logic
                                                          • 2l: Container from Container
                                                          • 2m: Container from Noun
                                                          • 2n: Functional Hacks
                                                          • 2o: Normalizing Containers
                                                          • 2p: Serialization
                                                          • 2q: Molds and Mold-Builders
                                                          • 3a: Modular and Signed Ints
                                                          • 3b: Floating Point
                                                          • 3c: Urbit Time
                                                          • 3d: SHA Hash Family
                                                          • 3e: AES encryption (Removed)
                                                          • 3f: Scrambling
                                                          • 3g: Molds and Mold-Builders
                                                          • 4a: Exotic Bases
                                                          • 4b: Text Processing
                                                          • 4c: Tank Printer
                                                          • 4d: Parsing (Tracing)
                                                          • 4e: Parsing (Combinators)
                                                          • 4f: Parsing (Rule-Builders)
                                                          • 4g: Parsing (Outside Caller)
                                                          • 4h: Parsing (ASCII Glyphs)
                                                          • 4i: Parsing (Useful Idioms)
                                                          • 4j: Parsing (Bases and Base Digits)
                                                          • 4k: Atom Printing
                                                          • 4l: Atom Parsing
                                                          • 4m: Formatting Functions
                                                          • 4n: Virtualization
                                                          • 4o: Molds
                                                          • 5a: Compiler Utilities
                                                          • 5b: Macro Expansion
                                                          • 5c: Compiler Backend & Prettyprinter
                                                          • 5d: Parser
                                                          • 5e: Molds and mold builders
                                                          • 5f: Profiling support
                                                          • Zuse

                                                            • Table of Contents
                                                            • 2d(1-5): To JSON, Wains
                                                            • 2d(6): From JSON
                                                            • 2d(7): From JSON (unit)
                                                            • 2e(2-3): Print & Parse JSON
                                                        • Nock

                                                          • Nock Definition
                                                          • Explanation
                                                          • Example
                                                          • Implementations
                                                          • Vere

                                                            • C Runtime System
                                                            • Land of Nouns
                                                            • API overview by prefix
                                                            • C in Urbit
                                                            • Writing Jets
                                                            • Cryptography
                                                            • Azimuth

                                                              • Overview
                                                              • Urbit HD Wallet
                                                              • Azimuth Data Flow
                                                              • Azimuth.eth
                                                              • Ecliptic.eth
                                                              • Advanced Azimuth Tools
                                                              • Life and Rift
                                                              • Layer 2

                                                                • Layer 2 Overview
                                                                • Layer 2 Actions
                                                                • Transaction Format
                                                                • Rollers
                                                                • Roller HTTP RPC-API
                                                                • Custom Roller Tutorial
                                                              • Glossary

                                                                • Ames
                                                                • Aqua
                                                                • Arm
                                                                • Arvo
                                                                • Atom
                                                                • Azimuth
                                                                • Battery
                                                                • Behn
                                                                • Bridge
                                                                • Censures
                                                                • Ceremony
                                                                • chat
                                                                • Claims
                                                                • Clay
                                                                • Comet
                                                                • Core
                                                                • Delegated Sending
                                                                • Desk
                                                                • Dill
                                                                • Document Proposal
                                                                • Dojo
                                                                • Door
                                                                • Ecliptic
                                                                • Event Log
                                                                • Eyre
                                                                • Ford
                                                                • Galaxy
                                                                • Gall
                                                                • Gate
                                                                • HD Wallet
                                                                • Hoon
                                                                • Invite Tree
                                                                • Iris
                                                                • Jael
                                                                • Jaque
                                                                • Keyfile
                                                                • Landscape
                                                                • Mark
                                                                • Moon
                                                                • Nock
                                                                • Noun
                                                                • OTA Updates
                                                                • Payload
                                                                • pH
                                                                • Pier
                                                                • Pill
                                                                • Planet
                                                                • Proxies
                                                                • Replay
                                                                • Factory Reset
                                                                • Naive rollups
                                                                • Sail/Udon
                                                                • Senate
                                                                • Ship
                                                                • ship.arvo.network
                                                                • Star
                                                                • |sync
                                                                • Trap
                                                                • Upgrade Proposal
                                                                • Vane
                                                                • Vere
                                                                • Voting
                                                                • Wallet-Generator
                                                                Urbit
                                                                • Introduction
                                                                • Development

                                                                  • Getting Started
                                                                  • Environment Setup
                                                                  • Grants Program
                                                                  • Project Repositories
                                                                  • Precepts
                                                                  • System Overview

                                                                    • Arvo
                                                                    • Hoon
                                                                    • Nock
                                                                    • Vere
                                                                    • Azimuth
                                                                    • Cryptography
                                                                    • Arvo

                                                                      • Overview
                                                                      • Ames

                                                                        • Overview
                                                                        • Cryptography
                                                                        • API Reference
                                                                        • Scry Reference
                                                                        • Data Types
                                                                        • Behn

                                                                          • Overview
                                                                          • API Reference
                                                                          • Scry Reference
                                                                          • Examples
                                                                          • Clay

                                                                            • Overview
                                                                            • Architecture
                                                                            • Using Clay
                                                                            • Data Types
                                                                            • Scry Reference
                                                                            • API Reference
                                                                            • Examples
                                                                            • Marks

                                                                              • Overview
                                                                              • Writing Marks
                                                                              • Using Marks
                                                                              • Examples
                                                                            • Dill

                                                                              • Overview
                                                                              • API Reference
                                                                              • Scry Reference
                                                                              • Data Types
                                                                              • Eyre

                                                                                • Overview
                                                                                • External API Reference
                                                                                • Internal API Reference
                                                                                • Scry Reference
                                                                                • Data Types
                                                                                • Guide
                                                                                • Ford

                                                                                  • Overview
                                                                                  • Gall

                                                                                    • Overview
                                                                                    • API Reference
                                                                                    • Data Types
                                                                                    • Iris

                                                                                      • Overview
                                                                                      • API Reference
                                                                                      • Data Types
                                                                                      • Example
                                                                                      • Jael

                                                                                        • Overview
                                                                                        • API Reference
                                                                                        • Scry Reference
                                                                                        • Data Types
                                                                                        • Examples
                                                                                        • Concepts

                                                                                          • Scries
                                                                                          • Subscriptions
                                                                                          • Tutorials

                                                                                            • Move Trace
                                                                                            • Reference

                                                                                              • Cryptography
                                                                                              • Filesystem Hierarchy
                                                                                            • Userspace

                                                                                              • Overview
                                                                                              • HTTP API Guide
                                                                                              • Gall Guide

                                                                                                • Introduction
                                                                                                • 1. Arvo
                                                                                                • 2. The Agent Core
                                                                                                • 3. Imports and Aliases
                                                                                                • 4. Lifecycle
                                                                                                • 5. Cards
                                                                                                • 6. Pokes
                                                                                                • 7. Structures and Marks
                                                                                                • 8. Subscriptions
                                                                                                • 9. Vanes
                                                                                                • 10. Scries
                                                                                                • 11. Failure
                                                                                                • 12. Next Steps
                                                                                                • Appendix: Types
                                                                                                • Full-Stack Walkthrough

                                                                                                  • 1. Introduction
                                                                                                  • 2. Types
                                                                                                  • 3. Agent
                                                                                                  • 4. JSON
                                                                                                  • 5. Marks
                                                                                                  • 6. Eyre
                                                                                                  • 7. React app setup
                                                                                                  • 8. React app logic
                                                                                                  • 9. Desk and glob
                                                                                                  • 10. Summary
                                                                                                  • Graph Store

                                                                                                    • Graph Store Overview
                                                                                                    • Data Structure Overview
                                                                                                    • Validator Walkthrough
                                                                                                    • Sample Application: Library
                                                                                                    • Graph Store - Reference
                                                                                                    • Advanced Info
                                                                                                    • Threads

                                                                                                      • Overview
                                                                                                      • HTTP API
                                                                                                      • Reference
                                                                                                      • Basics

                                                                                                        • Fundamentals
                                                                                                        • Bind
                                                                                                        • Input
                                                                                                        • Output
                                                                                                        • Summary
                                                                                                        • Gall

                                                                                                          • Start Thread
                                                                                                          • Take Result
                                                                                                          • Take Facts
                                                                                                          • Stop Thread
                                                                                                          • Poke Thread
                                                                                                          • Examples

                                                                                                            • Fetch JSON
                                                                                                            • Child Thread
                                                                                                            • Main-loop
                                                                                                            • Poke Agent
                                                                                                            • Scry
                                                                                                            • Take Fact
                                                                                                          • Distribution

                                                                                                            • Overview
                                                                                                            • Guide
                                                                                                            • Docket File
                                                                                                            • Glob
                                                                                                            • Dojo Tools
                                                                                                          • Hoon

                                                                                                            • Overview
                                                                                                            • Hoon School

                                                                                                              • 1.1 Introduction
                                                                                                              • 1.1.1 Walkthrough: List of Numbers
                                                                                                              • 1.2 Nouns
                                                                                                              • 1.3 Hoon Syntax
                                                                                                              • 1.3.1 Walkthrough: Conditionals
                                                                                                              • 1.4 Gates (Hoon Functions)
                                                                                                              • 1.4.1 Walkthrough: Recursion
                                                                                                              • 1.5 Lists
                                                                                                              • 1.5.1 Walkthrough: Fibonacci Sequence
                                                                                                              • 1.6 The Subject and Its Legs
                                                                                                              • 1.6.1 Walkthrough: Ackermann Function
                                                                                                              • 1.7 Arms and Cores
                                                                                                              • 1.7.1 Walkthrough: Caesar Cipher
                                                                                                              • 1.8 Doors
                                                                                                              • 1.8.1 Bank Account
                                                                                                              • 1.9 Generators
                                                                                                              • 2.1 Atoms, Auras, and Simple Cell Types
                                                                                                              • 2.2 Type Checking and Type Inference
                                                                                                              • 2.3 Structures and Complex Types
                                                                                                              • 2.3.1 Walkthrough: Libraries
                                                                                                              • 2.3.2 Molds
                                                                                                              • 2.4 Standard Library: Trees, Sets, and Maps
                                                                                                              • 2.5 Type Polymorphism
                                                                                                              • 2.5.1 Walkthrough: Iron Polymorphism and Wet Polymorphism
                                                                                                              • 2.5.2 Walkthrough: Lead Polymorphism
                                                                                                              • 2.6 Behn
                                                                                                              • 2.7 Gall
                                                                                                              • 2.7.1 Gall Walkthrough: Egg Timer
                                                                                                              • Guides

                                                                                                                • CLI apps
                                                                                                                • Parsing
                                                                                                                • JSON
                                                                                                                • Strings
                                                                                                                • Sail (HTML)
                                                                                                                • Writing Aqua Tests
                                                                                                                • Reference

                                                                                                                  • Cheat Sheet
                                                                                                                  • Irregular forms
                                                                                                                  • Hoon Errors
                                                                                                                  • Hoon Style Guide
                                                                                                                  • Basic Types
                                                                                                                  • Advanced Types
                                                                                                                  • Auras
                                                                                                                  • Runes

                                                                                                                    • Atoms and strings
                                                                                                                    • Nock . ('dot')
                                                                                                                    • Wild ! ('zap')
                                                                                                                    • Change Subject = ('tis')
                                                                                                                    • Conditionals ? ('wut')
                                                                                                                    • Cores | ('bar')
                                                                                                                    • Arms + ('lus')
                                                                                                                    • Cells : ('col')
                                                                                                                    • Calls % ('cen')
                                                                                                                    • Casts ^ ('ket')
                                                                                                                    • Structures $ ('buc')
                                                                                                                    • Make ; ('mic')
                                                                                                                    • Hints ~ ('sig')
                                                                                                                    • Imports / ('fas')
                                                                                                                    • Terminators -- and ==
                                                                                                                    • Limbs and wings

                                                                                                                      • Limbs
                                                                                                                      • Wings
                                                                                                                      • Standard library

                                                                                                                        • Table of Contents
                                                                                                                        • 1a: Basic Arithmetic
                                                                                                                        • 1b: Tree Addressing
                                                                                                                        • 1c: Molds and Mold-Builders
                                                                                                                        • 2a: Unit Logic
                                                                                                                        • 2b: List Logic
                                                                                                                        • 2c: Bit Arithmetic
                                                                                                                        • 2d: Bit Logic
                                                                                                                        • 2e: Insecure Hashing
                                                                                                                        • 2f: Noun Ordering
                                                                                                                        • 2g: Unsigned Powers
                                                                                                                        • 2h: Set Logic
                                                                                                                        • 2i: Map Logic
                                                                                                                        • 2j: Jar and Jug Logic
                                                                                                                        • 2k: Queue Logic
                                                                                                                        • 2l: Container from Container
                                                                                                                        • 2m: Container from Noun
                                                                                                                        • 2n: Functional Hacks
                                                                                                                        • 2o: Normalizing Containers
                                                                                                                        • 2p: Serialization
                                                                                                                        • 2q: Molds and Mold-Builders
                                                                                                                        • 3a: Modular and Signed Ints
                                                                                                                        • 3b: Floating Point
                                                                                                                        • 3c: Urbit Time
                                                                                                                        • 3d: SHA Hash Family
                                                                                                                        • 3e: AES encryption (Removed)
                                                                                                                        • 3f: Scrambling
                                                                                                                        • 3g: Molds and Mold-Builders
                                                                                                                        • 4a: Exotic Bases
                                                                                                                        • 4b: Text Processing
                                                                                                                        • 4c: Tank Printer
                                                                                                                        • 4d: Parsing (Tracing)
                                                                                                                        • 4e: Parsing (Combinators)
                                                                                                                        • 4f: Parsing (Rule-Builders)
                                                                                                                        • 4g: Parsing (Outside Caller)
                                                                                                                        • 4h: Parsing (ASCII Glyphs)
                                                                                                                        • 4i: Parsing (Useful Idioms)
                                                                                                                        • 4j: Parsing (Bases and Base Digits)
                                                                                                                        • 4k: Atom Printing
                                                                                                                        • 4l: Atom Parsing
                                                                                                                        • 4m: Formatting Functions
                                                                                                                        • 4n: Virtualization
                                                                                                                        • 4o: Molds
                                                                                                                        • 5a: Compiler Utilities
                                                                                                                        • 5b: Macro Expansion
                                                                                                                        • 5c: Compiler Backend & Prettyprinter
                                                                                                                        • 5d: Parser
                                                                                                                        • 5e: Molds and mold builders
                                                                                                                        • 5f: Profiling support
                                                                                                                        • Zuse

                                                                                                                          • Table of Contents
                                                                                                                          • 2d(1-5): To JSON, Wains
                                                                                                                          • 2d(6): From JSON
                                                                                                                          • 2d(7): From JSON (unit)
                                                                                                                          • 2e(2-3): Print & Parse JSON
                                                                                                                      • Nock

                                                                                                                        • Nock Definition
                                                                                                                        • Explanation
                                                                                                                        • Example
                                                                                                                        • Implementations
                                                                                                                        • Vere

                                                                                                                          • C Runtime System
                                                                                                                          • Land of Nouns
                                                                                                                          • API overview by prefix
                                                                                                                          • C in Urbit
                                                                                                                          • Writing Jets
                                                                                                                          • Cryptography
                                                                                                                          • Azimuth

                                                                                                                            • Overview
                                                                                                                            • Urbit HD Wallet
                                                                                                                            • Azimuth Data Flow
                                                                                                                            • Azimuth.eth
                                                                                                                            • Ecliptic.eth
                                                                                                                            • Advanced Azimuth Tools
                                                                                                                            • Life and Rift
                                                                                                                            • Layer 2

                                                                                                                              • Layer 2 Overview
                                                                                                                              • Layer 2 Actions
                                                                                                                              • Transaction Format
                                                                                                                              • Rollers
                                                                                                                              • Roller HTTP RPC-API
                                                                                                                              • Custom Roller Tutorial
                                                                                                                            • Glossary

                                                                                                                              • Ames
                                                                                                                              • Aqua
                                                                                                                              • Arm
                                                                                                                              • Arvo
                                                                                                                              • Atom
                                                                                                                              • Azimuth
                                                                                                                              • Battery
                                                                                                                              • Behn
                                                                                                                              • Bridge
                                                                                                                              • Censures
                                                                                                                              • Ceremony
                                                                                                                              • chat
                                                                                                                              • Claims
                                                                                                                              • Clay
                                                                                                                              • Comet
                                                                                                                              • Core
                                                                                                                              • Delegated Sending
                                                                                                                              • Desk
                                                                                                                              • Dill
                                                                                                                              • Document Proposal
                                                                                                                              • Dojo
                                                                                                                              • Door
                                                                                                                              • Ecliptic
                                                                                                                              • Event Log
                                                                                                                              • Eyre
                                                                                                                              • Ford
                                                                                                                              • Galaxy
                                                                                                                              • Gall
                                                                                                                              • Gate
                                                                                                                              • HD Wallet
                                                                                                                              • Hoon
                                                                                                                              • Invite Tree
                                                                                                                              • Iris
                                                                                                                              • Jael
                                                                                                                              • Jaque
                                                                                                                              • Keyfile
                                                                                                                              • Landscape
                                                                                                                              • Mark
                                                                                                                              • Moon
                                                                                                                              • Nock
                                                                                                                              • Noun
                                                                                                                              • OTA Updates
                                                                                                                              • Payload
                                                                                                                              • pH
                                                                                                                              • Pier
                                                                                                                              • Pill
                                                                                                                              • Planet
                                                                                                                              • Proxies
                                                                                                                              • Replay
                                                                                                                              • Factory Reset
                                                                                                                              • Naive rollups
                                                                                                                              • Sail/Udon
                                                                                                                              • Senate
                                                                                                                              • Ship
                                                                                                                              • ship.arvo.network
                                                                                                                              • Star
                                                                                                                              • |sync
                                                                                                                              • Trap
                                                                                                                              • Upgrade Proposal
                                                                                                                              • Vane
                                                                                                                              • Vere
                                                                                                                              • Voting
                                                                                                                              • Wallet-Generator
                                                                                                                              Urbit/Documentation/Hoon/Reference/Standard library

                                                                                                                              2j: Jar and Jug Logic

                                                                                                                              ++ja

                                                                                                                              Jar engine

                                                                                                                              A container arm for jar operation arms. A jar is a map of lists. The contained arms inherit the sample jar.

                                                                                                                              Accepts

                                                                                                                              a is a jar.

                                                                                                                              Produces

                                                                                                                              A core.

                                                                                                                              Source

                                                                                                                              ++  ja
                                                                                                                                =|  a=(tree (pair * (list)))  ::  (jar)
                                                                                                                                |@
                                                                                                                              

                                                                                                                              Examples

                                                                                                                              > ~(. ja (my [a+1 b+2 ~]))
                                                                                                                              < 2.ngd
                                                                                                                                [   a
                                                                                                                                  ?(
                                                                                                                                    %~
                                                                                                                                    [ n=[?(p=%a p=%b) q=@ud]
                                                                                                                                      l=nlr([p=?(%a %b) q=@ud])
                                                                                                                                      r=nlr([p=?(%a %b) q=@ud])
                                                                                                                                    ]
                                                                                                                                  )
                                                                                                                                  <123.zao 46.hgz 1.pnw %140>
                                                                                                                                ]
                                                                                                                              >

                                                                                                                              ++get:ja

                                                                                                                              Grab value by key

                                                                                                                              Produces the list at key b in jar a.

                                                                                                                              Accepts

                                                                                                                              a is a jar, and is the sample of +ja.

                                                                                                                              b is a noun.

                                                                                                                              Produces

                                                                                                                              A list.

                                                                                                                              Source

                                                                                                                              ++  get
                                                                                                                                |*  b=*
                                                                                                                                =+  c=(~(get by a) b)
                                                                                                                                ?~(c ~ u.c)
                                                                                                                              

                                                                                                                              Examples

                                                                                                                              > =j `(jar @t @ud)`(malt ~[['a' `(list @ud)`~[1 2 3]] ['b' `(list @ud)`~[4 5 6]]])
                                                                                                                              > j
                                                                                                                              {[p='b' q=~[4 5 6]] [p='a' q=~[1 2 3]]}
                                                                                                                              
                                                                                                                              > `(list @ud)`(~(get ja j) 'a')
                                                                                                                              ~[1 2 3]
                                                                                                                              
                                                                                                                              > `(list @ud)`(~(get ja j) 'b')
                                                                                                                              ~[4 5 6]
                                                                                                                              
                                                                                                                              > `(list @ud)`(~(get ja j) 'c')
                                                                                                                              ~

                                                                                                                              ++add:ja

                                                                                                                              Prepend to list

                                                                                                                              Adds c to the head of the list at key b in jar a. If b does not exist in a, a new key-value pair is added with a list containing c.

                                                                                                                              Accepts

                                                                                                                              a is a jar, and is the sample of +ja.

                                                                                                                              b is a noun of the same type as the keys in a.

                                                                                                                              c is a noun of the same type the lists in a contain.

                                                                                                                              Produces

                                                                                                                              A jar.

                                                                                                                              Source

                                                                                                                              ++  add
                                                                                                                                |*  [b=* c=*]
                                                                                                                                =+  d=(get b)
                                                                                                                                (~(put by a) b [c d])
                                                                                                                              

                                                                                                                              Examples

                                                                                                                              > =j `(jar @t @ud)`(malt ~[['a' `(list @ud)`~[1 2 3]] ['b' `(list @ud)`~[4 5 6]]])
                                                                                                                              > j
                                                                                                                              {[p='b' q=~[4 5 6]] [p='a' q=~[1 2 3]]}
                                                                                                                              
                                                                                                                              > `(jar @t @ud)`(~(add ja j) 'b' 7)
                                                                                                                              {[p='b' q=~[7 4 5 6]] [p='a' q=~[1 2 3]]}
                                                                                                                              
                                                                                                                              > `(jar @t @ud)`(~(add ja j) 'c' 8)
                                                                                                                              {[p='b' q=~[4 5 6]] [p='a' q=~[1 2 3]] [p='c' q=~[8]]}

                                                                                                                              ++ju

                                                                                                                              Jug operations

                                                                                                                              Container arm for jug operation arms. A jug is a map of sets. The contained arms inherit its sample jug, a.

                                                                                                                              Accepts

                                                                                                                              a is a jug.

                                                                                                                              Produces

                                                                                                                              A core.

                                                                                                                              Source

                                                                                                                              ++  ju
                                                                                                                                =|  a=(tree (pair * (tree)))  ::  (jug)
                                                                                                                                |@
                                                                                                                              

                                                                                                                              Example

                                                                                                                              > =j `(jug @t @ud)`(malt ~[['a' (silt ~[1 2 3])] ['b' (silt ~[4 5 6])]])
                                                                                                                              > j
                                                                                                                              {[p='b' q={5 6 4}] [p='a' q={1 2 3}]}
                                                                                                                              
                                                                                                                              > ~(. ju j)
                                                                                                                              <5.cws [a=nlr([p=@t q=nlr(@ud)]) <123.zao 46.hgz 1.pnw %140>]>

                                                                                                                              ++del:ju

                                                                                                                              Remove

                                                                                                                              Produces jug a with value c removed from set located at key b.

                                                                                                                              Accepts

                                                                                                                              a is a jug, and is the sample of +ju.

                                                                                                                              b is a noun of the same type as the keys in a.

                                                                                                                              c is a noun of the same type as the sets in a contain.

                                                                                                                              Source

                                                                                                                              ++  del
                                                                                                                                |*  [b=* c=*]
                                                                                                                                ^+  a
                                                                                                                                =+  d=(get b)
                                                                                                                                =+  e=(~(del in d) c)
                                                                                                                                ?~  e
                                                                                                                                  (~(del by a) b)
                                                                                                                                (~(put by a) b e)
                                                                                                                              

                                                                                                                              Examples

                                                                                                                              > j
                                                                                                                              {[p='b' q={5 6 4}] [p='a' q={1 2 3}]}
                                                                                                                              
                                                                                                                              > `(jug @t @ud)`(~(del ju j) 'b' 6)
                                                                                                                              {[p='b' q={5 4}] [p='a' q={1 2 3}]}
                                                                                                                              
                                                                                                                              > `(jug @t @ud)`(~(del ju j) 'b' 10)
                                                                                                                              {[p='b' q={5 6 4}] [p='a' q={1 2 3}]}
                                                                                                                              
                                                                                                                              > `(jug @t @ud)`(~(del ju j) 'c' 10)
                                                                                                                              {[p='b' q={5 6 4}] [p='a' q={1 2 3}]}

                                                                                                                              ++gas:ju

                                                                                                                              Concatenate

                                                                                                                              Add each of the key-value pairs in list b to jug a. The values in b are the type the sets in a contain. For keys in b that exist in a, the values will be added to their sets. For keys in b that don't exist in a, new keys and sets will be added.

                                                                                                                              Accepts

                                                                                                                              a is a jug, and is the sample of +ju.

                                                                                                                              b is a (list [p q]), where:

                                                                                                                              • p is a noun, the type of the keys in a.
                                                                                                                              • q is a noun, the type the sets in a contain.

                                                                                                                              Produces

                                                                                                                              A jug.

                                                                                                                              Source

                                                                                                                              ++  gas
                                                                                                                                |*  b=(list [p=* q=*])
                                                                                                                                =>  .(b `(list _?>(?=([[* ^] ^] a) [p=p q=n.q]:n.a))`b)
                                                                                                                                |-  ^+  a
                                                                                                                                ?~  b
                                                                                                                                  a
                                                                                                                                $(b t.b, a (put p.i.b q.i.b))
                                                                                                                              

                                                                                                                              Examples

                                                                                                                              > =j `(jug @t @ud)`(malt ~[['a' (silt ~[1 2 3])] ['b' (silt ~[4 5 6])]])
                                                                                                                              > j
                                                                                                                              {[p='b' q={5 6 4}] [p='a' q={1 2 3}]}
                                                                                                                              
                                                                                                                              > `(jug @t @ud)`(~(gas ju j) ~[['a' 10] ['a' 42] ['b' 999] ['c' 7]])
                                                                                                                              {[p='b' q={5 6 4 999}] [p='a' q={10 42 1 2 3}] [p='c' q={7}]}

                                                                                                                              ++get:ju

                                                                                                                              Retrieve set

                                                                                                                              Produces a set retrieved from jug a using key b.

                                                                                                                              Accepts

                                                                                                                              a is a jug, and the sample of +ju.

                                                                                                                              b is key, a noun of the same type as the keys in a.

                                                                                                                              Produces

                                                                                                                              A set.

                                                                                                                              Source

                                                                                                                              ++  get
                                                                                                                                |*  b=*
                                                                                                                                =+  c=(~(get by a) b)
                                                                                                                                ?~(c ~ u.c)
                                                                                                                              

                                                                                                                              Examples

                                                                                                                              > =j `(jug @t @ud)`(malt ~[['a' (silt ~[1 2 3])] ['b' (silt ~[4 5 6])]])
                                                                                                                              > j
                                                                                                                              {[p='b' q={5 6 4}] [p='a' q={1 2 3}]}
                                                                                                                              
                                                                                                                              > `(set @ud)`(~(get ju j) 'a')
                                                                                                                              {1 2 3}
                                                                                                                              
                                                                                                                              > `(set @ud)`(~(get ju j) 'b')
                                                                                                                              {5 6 4}
                                                                                                                              
                                                                                                                              > `(set @ud)`(~(get ju j) 'c')
                                                                                                                              {}

                                                                                                                              ++has:ju

                                                                                                                              Check contents

                                                                                                                              Computes whether a value c exists within the set located at key b with jug a, producing a flag.

                                                                                                                              Accepts

                                                                                                                              a is a jug, and the sample of +ju.

                                                                                                                              b is a noun of the same type as the keys in a.

                                                                                                                              c is a noun of the same type as the sets in a contain.

                                                                                                                              Produces

                                                                                                                              A ?.

                                                                                                                              Source

                                                                                                                              ++  has
                                                                                                                                |*  [b=* c=*]
                                                                                                                                ^-  ?
                                                                                                                                (~(has in (get b)) c)
                                                                                                                              

                                                                                                                              Examples

                                                                                                                              > =j `(jug @t @ud)`(malt ~[['a' (silt ~[1 2 3])] ['b' (silt ~[4 5 6])]])
                                                                                                                              > j
                                                                                                                              {[p='b' q={5 6 4}] [p='a' q={1 2 3}]}
                                                                                                                              
                                                                                                                              > (~(has ju j) 'b' 5)
                                                                                                                              %.y
                                                                                                                              
                                                                                                                              > (~(has ju j) 'b' 10)
                                                                                                                              %.n
                                                                                                                              
                                                                                                                              > (~(has ju j) 'c' 10)
                                                                                                                              %.n

                                                                                                                              ++put:ju

                                                                                                                              Add key-set pair

                                                                                                                              Produces jug a with c added to the set located at key b. If b isn't a key in a, it will be added and a new set created containing c.

                                                                                                                              Accepts

                                                                                                                              a is a jug.

                                                                                                                              b is a noun, the type of the keys in a.

                                                                                                                              c is a noun, the type the sets in a contain.

                                                                                                                              Produces

                                                                                                                              A jug.

                                                                                                                              Source

                                                                                                                              ++  put
                                                                                                                                |*  [b=* c=*]
                                                                                                                                ^+  a
                                                                                                                                =+  d=(get b)
                                                                                                                                (~(put by a) b (~(put in d) c))
                                                                                                                              

                                                                                                                              Examples

                                                                                                                              > j
                                                                                                                              {[p='b' q={5 6 4}] [p='a' q={1 2 3}]}
                                                                                                                              
                                                                                                                              > `(jug @t @ud)`(~(put ju j) 'c' 5)
                                                                                                                              {[p='b' q={5 6 4}] [p='a' q={1 2 3}] [p='c' q={5}]}
                                                                                                                              
                                                                                                                              > `(jug @t @ud)`(~(put ju j) 'a' 4)
                                                                                                                              {[p='b' q={5 6 4}] [p='a' q={1 2 3 4}]}
                                                                                                                              
                                                                                                                              > `(jug @t @ud)`(~(put ju j) 'a' 1)
                                                                                                                              {[p='b' q={5 6 4}] [p='a' q={1 2 3}]}

                                                                                                                              <-

                                                                                                                              2i: Map Logic

                                                                                                                              2k: Queue Logic

                                                                                                                              ->

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